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Description
Intro to Calculus of VariationsThe calculus of variations is one of the oldest subjects in mathematics, yet is very much alive and is still evolving. Besides its mathematical importance and its links to other branches of mathematics, such as geometry or differential equations, it is widely used in physics, engineering, economics and biology. This book serves both as a guide to the expansive existing literature and as an aid to the non specialist mathematicians, physicists,
The calculus of variations is one of the oldest subjects in mathematics, yet is very much alive and is still evolving. Besides its mathematical importance and its links to other branches of mathematics, such as geometry or differential equations, it is widely used in physics, engineering, economics and biology.This book serves both as a guide to the expansive existing literature and as an aid to the non-specialist -- mathematicians, physicists, engineers, students or researchers -- in discovering the subjects most important problems, results and techniques. Despite the aim of addressing non-specialists, mathematical rigor has not been sacrificed; most of the theorems are either fully proved or proved under more stringent conditions.The book, containing more than seventy exercises with detailed solutions, is well designed for a course both at the undergraduate and graduate levels.Shipping Notes
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4.9 ★★★★★
Based on 10 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 1
Not Tuff
Color: Black Yellow Phrog, Color: Black Yellow Phrog
Absolutely terrible and not “tuff” at all. My chocolate lab had this thing destroyed in less than two hours. I would not recommend these for the price.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on April 11, 2026
★★★★★ 3
Cute but Not Durable
Color: 2PK Green Leaping Phrog
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ Cute but Not Durable
Super cute toy—my dogs loved it right away! Unfortunately, they chewed the head off within a few hours. I ordered a second one because they were so into it, but the same thing happened again.
I won’t be ordering a third, but they still play with their two headless frogs. So while it’s not the most durable, it definitely kept them entertained!
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on June 9, 2025
★★★★★ 3
Puppy loves! Supposed to be part of a set though??
Style: Coconut Tree
Bought this simply because we named our puppy Coco and was on a roll ordering her toys… she ended up absolutely LOVING this tiny palm tree!! Maybe because of the size and she was able to really handle it, she takes it everywhere with her and loves the squeaker. HOWEVER, the item is a lot smaller than I expected when ordering for almost $10 and the plastic packaging it came in says “not intended for individual sale, part of a pack” so I would not purchase from this seller again. I will maybe try to find this included with the intended set of toys.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 28, 2022
★★★★★ 2
It IS very small
Style: Coco-Nut, Style: Coco-Nut
I did not read the description and just saw 7.5 inches which usually is a pretty good sized toy BUT this is 7.5 inches circumference. They did state this in the product description but not a usual measurement so I missed it. Just wanted others to know what they are getting for $9.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 3, 2023
★★★★★ 1
Tiny Cheap Toy
Style: Coconut Tree, Style: Coconut Tree
It is way smaller than advertised and is maybe worth $0.50 cents. Only appropriate for toy breeds who do NOT chew.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on September 24, 2024
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