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Description
Human PSA ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Required experimental equipment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipettes and pipette tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37C incubator 4. Distilled or deionized water Sample preparation and requirements: Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre chilled PBS (0. 01M, pH 7. 4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh and
Product Specification
| Usage | Required experimental equipment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipettes and pipette tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37°C incubator 4. Distilled or deionized water Sample preparation and requirements: Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh and mince the tissue. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1g of tissue sample to 9mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000×g for 5-10 minutes, and collect the supernatant for analysis. Cell Lysis Buffer: Adherent cells should be gently washed with pre-chilled PBS, then trypsinized and harvested by centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes. Suspension cells can be harvested directly by centrifugation. Collected cells should be washed three times with pre-chilled PBS and resuspended in 150-200 μL of PBS per 1×10^6 cells (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS; if the cell count is very low, reduce the PBS volume appropriately). Disrupt the cells by repeated freezing and thawing or sonication. Centrifuge the extract at 1500×g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C, and collect the supernatant for analysis. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1 mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 20 ng/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 20 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 1.25 ng/mL, 0.625 ng/mL, 0.3125 ng/mL, and 0 ng/mL. Serial dilution method: Take 7 EP tubes and add 500 μL of universal diluent to each tube. Pipette 500 μL of the 20 ng/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 10 ng/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves directly as a blank well; there is no need to aspirate the liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration using universal diluent (e.g., 10µL concentrate + 990µL universal diluent). Prepare immediately before use. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit uses a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with a Puromycin Sensitive Aminopeptidase (PSA) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB converts to blue under the catalysis of peroxidase (HRP) and to yellow under the action of acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of Puromycin Sensitive Aminopeptidase (PSA) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Human | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Human Puromycin Sensitive Aminopeptidase ELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase, also known as cell membrane alanine aminopeptidase or alanine aminopeptidase, is an enzyme encoded by the NPEPPS gene in humans. This gene encodes a purine-sensitive aminopeptidase, a zinc metallopeptidase that hydrolyzes amino acids at the N-terminus of its substrates. The protein has been localized to the cytoplasm and cell membranes. This enzyme degrades enkephalins in the brain and participates in proteolytic events that regulate the cell cycle. It has been identified as a novel modulator of TAU-induced neurodegeneration, exerting neuroprotective effects by directly proteolyzing TAU proteins. It is used as a biomarker for detecting kidney damage and can be used to aid in the diagnosis of certain kidney diseases. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 0.31-20 ng/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Tissue homogenates, cell lysates, and other biological fluids |
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4.2 ★★★★★
Based on 16 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
fixed issue
stopped the overheat issue on my outboard!!!
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Reviewed in the United States on August 6, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Not all great stereo systems meet all the requirements for connectivity.
I want to go on record, the Onkyo TX-Nr7100 is an awesome choice for a stereo avr. Great connectivity, a warm sound quality, and many options for your audio sound choices. But, because it's base connectivity, as it applies to Bluetooth, I do not recommend to connecting a PC to it. Due to audio and video, data separation. The Onkyo, though an excellent stereo choice, has problems playing Youtube and other types of media, with built in audio and video playback. It defaults to the miniplayer, built into the system and is impossible to get rid of in these situations. I give this product 5 stars on quality and performance, but it was not made to connect to a computer. Stll, I recommend this AVR Stereo Receiver on its aesthetic look, sound, audio and connections and quality. Very important to keep this in mind for Computer and gaming console connection to this system.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 15, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Exceptional Home Theater Receiver with HDMI 2.1, Dirac Live & THX – Incredible Value
After researching extensively and using the TX‑NR7100 firsthand with a 5.1.4 Dolby Atmos setup, I’m thoroughly impressed by its blend of features, performance, and value.
Setup & Interface
The guided setup process is smooth and intuitive—Wi‑Fi setup, firmware updates, speaker configuration and HDMI mapping all work seamlessly. The on-screen menus are clean and accessible, though some deeper options may require a bit of navigation
With six HDMI 2.1 inputs and two HDMI 2.1 outputs, this receiver supports 8K/60Hz and 4K/120Hz video formats, along with VRR, eARC, and ALLM. This makes it ideal for gaming consoles like PS5 and Xbox Series X—performance is solid with no reported signal dropouts on the primary HDMI ports.
Audio & Sound Quality
Every channel delivers up to ~100 W into 8 Ω, powering immersive content such as Dolby Atmos and DTS:X with clarity and presence. THX post-processing adds dimension and scale, especially with cinematic soundtracks. Dirac Live room correction provides musical staging, precise imaging, cleaner dialog, and deeper bass—transformative for untreated or irregular rooms.
Streaming & Multi-Room
Equipped with AirPlay 2, Chromecast, Bluetooth (including aptX), and Sonos/DTS Play-Fi integration, streaming is flexible and robust. Spotify, Tidal, Pandora, TuneIn, and more are all supported. It even functions as a Roon endpoint with no signal issues when streaming high-res audio over Ethernet.
Build & Design
The front panel features a large green display, a straightforward volume dial, and basic controls. While the remote is functional, it isn’t backlit. The control app is usable but somewhat basic, making desktop Dirac calibration a better option for fine-tuning.
Pros:
Cutting-edge HDMI 2.1 support for 8K/60Hz, 4K/120Hz, VRR & eARC
THX Certified with immersive Atmos/DTS:X and IMAX Enhanced support
Powerful and convincing Dirac Live room correction
Versatile streaming ecosystem and smart assistant compatibility
Excellent price-to-performance ratio compared to peers
Cons:
HDMI glitches possible; best addressed via firmware updates and proper setup
Remote is not backlit; app UI is basic
Not truly expandable to 11-channel systems; no independent sub outs or extra preamp channels
Verdict:
The Onkyo TX‑NR7100 strikes a remarkable balance between modern video support, superior immersive audio, and intuitive usability—all at a price point that undercuts many similarly spec’d competitors. If you want future‑proof HDMI features, strong gaming performance, Dirac‑based room tuning, and multi‑room streaming options, this AVR delivers beyond expectation. Highly recommended.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 30, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Best deal and beautiful sound
I bought this one on sale to replace my old Pioneer VSX-1120-K 7.2 ch receiver which did not support 4K video and new Atmos sound profile. I would say, it was the best deal in this category since it offered 100 watts/ch , 9.2 ch, 8k/4k supported, and nearly 50% price cut when on sale! The sound quality is amazing, especially after using Dirac live to measure and auto adjust all speakers’ sound curves, making my home theater sound in a different level. The high is very clear but not harsh while the low is soft and nice punch. I also like the Onkyo App which helps to control the receiver in many ways. I can use it together with other online music streaming services app without touching the remote controller any more, very convenient! The only a small problem it has, is that it’s BD/DVD HDMI input sometimes does not work well with Amazon fire stick. It makes the firestick restart over again and again, so I have to use the other input such as game input to work smoothly with the firestick.
Update: I have had this receiver for more than a year now. I would say, I love it more and more! It not only supports 4K/8k video through HDMI, but also has so many listening sound models to choose from, and the App on smartphone is a very convenient tool. One of my favorite functions of it is the Dirac live function. I used to analyze the sound characteristics of each speaker, and fine tune the frequencies on them, making my home theater speakers up to a very high level, making every single sound frequency is in its best condition. This certainly compensates the shortcomings of certain sound frequencies in each speaker. Many times I just sat in my home theater listening to the music from Spotify without watching movie, and it was so joyful. I am changing the rate from 4 stars to five!
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Reviewed in the United States on March 26, 2024
★★★★★ 4
The basic set-up is relatively easy which was a big plus for me......
First let me start off by saying that I am not an audiophile. So, this review will not get into the weeds of the more complex settings this receiver is capable of. For example, the Dirac room measuring option. No way was I attempting to mess with that. Especially, after reading that some reviewers who actually have experience with Dirac found it could be confusing/difficult to set up. Besides I come from a previous Onkyo the TX-SR607 which had the AccuEQ Room Calibration similar to this receiver, so I used that instead with no issues. As far as hooking up the speakers it's pretty straight forward. If you have banana plugs, use them, seriously. I originally planned on using banana plugs but in order to save time I decided against that. But I wish I had taken the extra time to go with bananas because trying to thread the speaker wire into the speaker terminals is tedious, there not much room between the terminals and even me with my skinny fingers struggled a bit. Wish Onkyo designed their terminals side by side, but I think only Denon does that. Anyway, after all the speakers were connected (I'm currently using a 5.1.2 setup) and I connected my tv, Blu-ray player, CD player, etc., etc., I ran the AccuEQ Room Calibration, and I was good to go. I did change the some of the settings like speaker volume that AccuEQ has set but nothing major. I have noticed that I need to turn the volume up much higher on this Onkyo than on my previous one. What I mean by that is that on my previous Onkyo I would set the volume indicator at around 30-35 tops for movies. With this one it's more like 40-45, maybe how the volume is measured is different on this one. The sound is excellent for movies and music I have no complaints there. I have only tried a few of features so far like Airplay but will dig deeper into the manual (I downloaded from the internet) as time goes by. I will say as far as build quality is concerned it's not bad, but IMO my old Onkyo, a 2009 model, had the look and feel of a more expensive receiver. But it's what's inside that matters most so hopefully this one last as long as my previous Onkyo.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 22, 2024
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